2D & Cross-Spread Mini-3D Surveys for Geothermal Doublet Planning in The Netherlands

This paper presents the results of two small, target-oriented sparse seismic surveys conducted to support the planning and optimisation of geothermal doublets.

The surveys combine short conventional 2D seismic lines with 3D cross-spreads created by orthogonal 2D line layouts. This acquisition strategy provides a reliable areal image of the subsurface within a focused area of interest while maintaining a relatively low survey footprint.

Data was acquired using low-power electromagnetic vibrators and STRYDE nodal sensors, enabling seismic operations in a complex mixed urban, industrial, and agricultural environment.

Despite high ambient noise levels, limited access, and the use of low-energy sources, the surveys successfully imaged subsurface targets at depths of 2000–2500 m below mean sea level. The results delivered valuable additional subsurface insights for the operator, particularly improving the understanding of small-scale faults and fault patterns within the geothermal development blocks.